MRI Basics Anatomy

Cross Sectional Anatomy

Axial Coronal Sagittal Planes | Gray And White Matter | White Matter Tracts | Vascular Structures

Common Regions

Brain Spine Musculoskeletal Chest Abdomen Pelvis Vascular

Contrast Agents

Gadolinium Based Agents | Extracellular Agents | Hepatobiliary Agents | Renal Function Considerations


MRI Protocols

Brain MRI

Stroke Tumor And Infection

Standard Sequences T1 T2 FLAIR DWI ADC | Pre And Post Contrast T1 | MR Angiography As Indicated


Spine MRI

Degenerative And Trauma

Sagittal T1 T2 STIR | Axial T2 And T1 | Contrast For Infection Or Neoplasm | Evaluate Cord And Nerve Roots


Musculoskeletal MRI

Joints And Soft Tissue

High Resolution Small Field Of View | T1 T2 PD Fat Sat | MR Arthrography For Labral Or Intra Articular Pathology


Abdomen Pelvis MRI

Liver Pancreas And Pelvis

Multiphasic Contrast For Liver Lesions | T2 And Diffusion For Pancreas | Pelvic Protocols For Prostate And Gynecologic Imaging


Cardiac MRI

Function And Tissue Characterization

Cine SSFP For Function | Late Gadolinium Enhancement For Scar | T1 T2 Mapping For Tissue Characterization


MR Angiography

Vascular Evaluation

Time Of Flight For Head And Neck | Contrast Enhanced For Body Vessels | Phase Contrast For Flow Quantification


Key MRI Sequences

T1 Weighted

Anatomy And Fat Signal

T1 Shows Fat Bright | Useful For Anatomy And Post Contrast Enhancement


T2 Weighted

Fluid Sensitive

T2 Shows Fluid Bright | Useful For Edema And Pathology Detection


FLAIR

Suppress CSF

Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery | Suppresses CSF To Highlight Periventricular Lesions


DWI ADC

Diffusion Imaging

Diffusion Weighted Imaging And ADC Maps | Critical For Acute Ischemia And Cellular Density Assessment


STIR And Fat Sat

Fat Suppression Techniques

Short Tau Inversion Recovery And Frequency Selective Fat Saturation | Useful In Musculoskeletal And Spine Imaging


Gradient Echo And SSFP

Susceptibility And Cine Imaging

Gradient Echo For Susceptibility Effects | SSFP For Cardiac Cine And High Contrast Between Blood And Myocardium


Safety And Patient Considerations

MRI Safety Screening

Implants And Devices

Screen For Pacemakers Cochlear Implants Aneurysm Clips And Other Ferromagnetic Devices | Use MR Conditional Protocols When Applicable


Contrast Safety

Gadolinium Considerations

Assess Renal Function For Gadolinium Use | Use Macrocyclic Agents When Possible | Document Contrast Type And Dose


Claustrophobia And Sedation

Patient Comfort

Offer Ear Protection And Communication | Use Open MRI Or Sedation For Claustrophobic Patients | Monitor Vital Signs During Sedation


Pregnancy

Risk Assessment

Avoid Routine MRI In First Trimester Unless Clinically Indicated | Use Noncontrast When Possible | Discuss Risks And Benefits With Referring Clinician


Technique And Optimization

Coil Selection

Surface And Phased Array Coils

Choose Appropriate Coil For Anatomy | Use Phased Array Coils For Improved SNR | Position Coil Close To Anatomy Of Interest


Motion Reduction

Breath Hold And Gating

Use Breath Hold Sequences For Abdomen | Cardiac Gating For Heart | Motion Correction Techniques For Pediatric And Uncooperative Patients


Resolution And Scan Time

Trade Offs

Adjust Matrix Field Of View And Slice Thickness To Balance Spatial Resolution And Scan Time | Use Parallel Imaging And Compressed Sensing To Reduce Time


Terminology

SNR

Signal To Noise Ratio | Higher SNR Improves Image Quality

TR TE

Repetition Time And Echo Time | Determine T1 And T2 Weighting

Fat Sat

Fat Saturation Techniques | Improve Lesion Conspicuity By Suppressing Fat Signal

Gating

Cardiac Or Respiratory Synchronization | Reduces Motion Artifacts

MR Conditional

Device Labeling That Indicates Safe Use Under Specified Conditions | Follow Manufacturer Guidelines