Cervical Spine Anatomy
C1 To C7 | Atlas Supports Skull | Axis Contains Dens | Foramina Angled 45 Degrees | Zygapophyseal Joints 90 Degrees | Bifid Spinous Processes C2 To C6
Thoracic Spine Anatomy
T1 To T12 | Long Downward Spinous Processes | Rib Articulations | Kyphotic Curve | Foramina Best Seen Lateral
Lumbar Spine Anatomy
L1 To L5 | Large Vertebral Bodies | Pars Interarticularis Forms Scotty Dog Neck | Zygapophyseal Joints 45 Degrees | Lordotic Curve | Steep L5 S1 Angle
Routine View
72 Inch SID | True Lateral | Shoulder Against Bucky | Chin Elevated | CR To C4 | Exposure On Expiration | Shows C1 To C7
Frontal View
40 Inch SID | Chin Elevated | CR 15 To 20 Degrees Cephalad To C4 | Shows C3 To T2
Intervertebral Foramina
45 Degree Rotation | 72 Inch SID | CR 15 To 20 Degrees Cephalad | Posterior Obliques Show Side Up Foramina
C1 And C2
Mouth Open Wide | Align Incisors And Skull Base | CR Through Open Mouth | Shows Dens And Lateral Masses
Frontal View
14 x 17 Film | CR To T7 | Exposure On Expiration | Shows T1 To L1
Intervertebral Spaces
Left Lateral | Arms Raised | CR To T7 | Orthostatic Breathing Or Expiration
C7 To T1
Arm Closest Raised | Opposite Arm Depressed | CR To C7 T1
Routine View
14 x 17 Film | Center At Iliac Crest | Knees Bent | CR Perpendicular | Shows T12 To Sacrum
45 Degree Oblique
Left Side Elevated | Center 1 Inch Above Crest | Shows Right Apophyseal Joints | Mark Right Side
45 Degree Oblique
Right Side Elevated | Center 1 Inch Above Crest | Shows Left Apophyseal Joints | Mark Left Side
True Lateral
14 x 17 Film | True Left Lateral | CR At Iliac Crest | Disk Spaces Open
Lumbosacral Junction
8 x 10 Film | CR 5 To 10 Degrees Caudal | Cone Down To L5 S1
Functional Study
Standing | One Film Flexion | One Film Extension | CR 1 Inch Above Crest
Zygapophyseal Joints
Facet Joints Between Vertebrae | Seen In Oblique Lumbar And Lateral Cervical Views
Intervertebral Foramina
Nerve Openings | Seen In Lateral Lumbar And Oblique Cervical Views
Scotty Dog
Oblique Lumbar Appearance | Ear Superior Articular Process | Eye Pedicle | Nose Transverse Process | Neck Pars Interarticularis | Leg Inferior Articular Process
Lordosis And Kyphosis
Cervical And Lumbar Lordotic | Thoracic Kyphotic
Atlas And Axis
C1 And C2 Allow Rotation And Flexion